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53 kinds of engines in the world

2020/9/5
53 kinds of engines in the world
How does Mahler technology know about new energy vehicles
1,SOHC
(single overhead camshaft engine) engine type according to the number of camshaft positions, SOHC stands for single overhead camshaft engine, suitable for 2-valve engine.
£²,DOHC
(DOHC engine) denotes a DOHC engine for multi valve engines. Generally, there are two valves in each cylinder of the engine. In recent years, 4-Valve and 5-Valve engines have appeared, which undoubtedly opens up a way to improve the intake efficiency and power at high engine speed. This kind of engine is suitable for high speed engine and can reduce fuel consumption at high speed.
3,Turbo
(turbocharging) is turbocharging, which is abbreviated as T. generally, the words 1.8T and 2.8T are marked on the rear of the vehicle. Turbocharging has single turbocharging and double turbocharging. We usually refer to turbo charging of exhaust gas. Generally, the exhaust gas drives the impeller to drive the pump wheel to send more air into the engine, so as to improve the power of the engine and reduce the fuel consumption of the engine.
4,VTEC
VTEC, developed by Honda, is the first valve control system in the world that can control valve opening and closing time and valve lift at the same time. Now it has evolved into i-vtec. The biggest difference between i-vtec engine and ordinary engine is that the cam can be driven by two groups of valves at medium low speed and high speed, and can be automatically converted through electronic system. In addition, the engine can also automatically change the opening time and lifting degree of the valve according to the driving conditions, i.e. changing the intake and exhaust volume, so as to increase the power and reduce the fuel consumption.
5,i-VTEC
I-vtec is the abbreviation of intelligent variable valve timing system of Honda company. The engine of the latest Honda car has been generally installed with i-vtec system. Honda's i-vtec system can continuously adjust valve timing and valve lift. Its working principle is: when the engine changes from low speed to high speed, the computer will automatically turn the oil pressure to the intake camshaft to drive the small turbine in the gear. Under the action of pressure, the small turbine will rotate at a certain angle relative to the gear housing, so that the camshaft can rotate forward or backward within 60 degrees, thus changing the opening time of the inlet valve The purpose of continuous valve timing adjustment.
6,CVVT
(continuously variable valve timing system) Korea's automobile industry is not known for its advanced technology, so the technology used is mostly based on the experience of Germany and Japan, and CVVT is developed on the basis of VVT-i and i-vtec. Taking the CVVT engine of modern automobile as an example, it can control the opening and closing of valves at any time according to the actual working conditions of the engine, so as to make the fuel burn more fully, so as to improve the power and reduce the fuel consumption. But CVVT does not control valve lift, which means that the engine only changes the time of suction and exhaust.
7, VVT
(continuously variable valve timing engine) the system adjusts the cam phase of the engine through the equipped control and execution system, so that the valve opening and closing time changes with the change of engine speed, so as to improve the charging efficiency and increase the engine power.
8, VVT-i
VVT-i (intelligent variable valve timing system) is Toyota's unique engine technology, which has been very mature. In recent years, most domestic Toyota cars, including the new-type Vickers, are equipped with VVT-i system. Similar to the VTEC principle of Honda, the most important feature of the system is that the intake camshaft can be controlled according to the state of the engine, and the timing of valve timing can be optimized by adjusting the camshaft angle to obtain the optimal valve timing, so as to increase the torque in all speed ranges, improve the fuel economy and effectively improve the vehicle performance.
9, double VVT -- I
(dual intelligent variable valve timing engine) dual VVT-i refers to control the intake system and exhaust system of the engine respectively. During rapid acceleration, VVT-i, which controls intake air, will advance intake time and increase valve lift, while VVT-i controlling exhaust will delay exhaust time. This effect is similar to that of a smaller turbocharger, which can effectively improve engine power. At the same time, with the increase of air intake, the combustion of gasoline is more complete and the purpose of low emission is realized.
10, D-CVVT
(dual variable valve timing, variable intake system engine) basic configuration of Rohens, V-6 lambda engine adopts double variable valve timing (d-cvvt) technology on intake and exhaust camshaft, and new variable intake system (VIS), which improves the intake volume of cylinder and fuel efficiency. Equipped with a 3.8-liter V-6 engine with 290 horsepower, it has no impact on its environmental protection and ultra-low emission control (ULEV) characteristics despite its powerful output power. Among them, Aisin 6-speed automatic transmission with overdrive plays an important role. Its smooth transmission performance and wide transmission ratio ensure the powerful power and excellent fuel economy of Rohens.

11, TDI
TDI is the abbreviation of Turbo direct injection, which means turbocharged direct injection (diesel engine). In order to solve the inherent deficiency of SDI, turbocharging device is installed on the diesel engine, which makes the intake pressure increase greatly, and the compression ratio is generally more than 10. In this way, a great torque can be achieved under the condition of very low speed. Moreover, due to the full combustion, the content of harmful particles in emissions is greatly reduced TDI technology allows the fuel to be injected directly into the cylinder via a high-pressure injector, because the piston crown is a concave bowl design, and the fuel will form a spiral mixture in the cylinder. The technology of direct injection turbocharged diesel engine (TDI) initiated by Volkswagen Group, which is equipped with TDI equipment, is very advanced, and adopts a number of advanced technologies, such as pump injection system, adjustable vane turbocharger and so on. It is the first time that these technologies have been applied in domestic cars. Bora TDI adopts the latest high pressure fuel injection technology pump injection system. This system can make diesel and air mix more fully and burn more thoroughly. At the same time, the use of oxidation catalytic reactor can greatly reduce the emissions of CO, HC and particulates, and the CO2 emission can be reduced by 30% compared with the gasoline vehicle with the same displacement. In addition, EGR system can greatly reduce NOx production, and its emission index meets Euro 3 standard. The "TDI mark" of Volkswagen diesel engine is the most successful diesel engine recognized in the world.
12, GDF-P
The hydraulic timing device of the distribution pump (diesel engine) is driven by the timing piston to move the roller carrier to adjust the injection timing. The high-pressure chamber of the timing piston is connected with the pump chamber. The pressure of the pump chamber increases with the increase of the rotating speed, and the pressure of the high-pressure chamber of the piston increases with the increase of the rotating speed, and the injection timing is advanced. Jetta electronic control system connects the high and low pressure chambers of the piston in series with the electric valve n108. The duty cycle controls the pressure difference of the high and low pressure chambers. The fuel injection timing changes, the duty cycle is large, and the differential pressure is small. After the timing is delayed, the injection timing is detected by the needle valve lift sensor g80, and the injection timing is closed-loop controlled. Volkswagen's gdf-p diesel engine is more popular.
13, FSI
FSI (direct injection stratified combustion engine) is a new technology in the field of gasoline engine, which means stratified fuel injection. Some are similar to the high pressure fuel supply technology of diesel engine. It is equipped with on-demand control of the fuel supply system, and then through a piston pump to provide the required pressure, and finally the fuel injection nozzle directly into the combustion chamber at the most appropriate time. Through the design of the combustion chamber shape, there will be a thicker mixture around the spark plug, while other areas will be a thinner mixture, which ensures the realization of lean combustion as far as possible under the condition of smooth ignition, which is also the essence of stratified combustion. FSI is more powerful than the same engine, but the fuel consumption can be reduced by about 15%.
14,TFSI
(turbocharged Fuel Stratified Injection Engine) the t-word that is more than FSI stands for turbo charger, and the engine itself has indeed added a turbocharger to the FSI engine. Turbocharging is to use the high temperature and high pressure of exhaust gas to drive the exhaust gas turbine to rotate at a high speed. It drives the intake turbine to compress the intake air and improve the air density. At the same time, the computer controls the increase of fuel injection quantity and the high density of intake air. Therefore, the efficiency of the engine can be improved under the condition of constant displacement. FAW Volkswagen and Shanghai Volkswagen refer to their 1.4tfsi and 1.8tfsi engines as 1.4TSI and 1.8TSI, which is extremely irresponsible. At the same time, in order to avoid people's objection to TFSI abbreviated as TSI, they explained that "because in the consistent system, we generally use three words as the title of engine specific technology, so this time we abbreviate TFSI as TSI, where t stands for turbocharging and Si stands for direct injection technology". The latest TSI engine of domestic maiteng, Suteng and other models is not the same as TSI mentioned above. The 1.8TSI and the 1.4TSI engine, which will be installed in the futon, actually emasculate the supercharging and fuel stratification technology. Of course, this is also the consideration of oil products and cost after localization. Because it costs 15000 yuan at least for a supercharger kit. It needs to be replaced every 50000 kilometers. In addition, more expensive turbochargers need to be replaced for more than 100000 kilometers.
15, TSI
The design of TSI (turbocharged Fuel Stratified Injection Engine) is very ingenious. It actually puts a turbocharger and a supercharger into an engine. T in TSI does not mean turbocharger, but twincharger. As mentioned above, the turbocharged engine has a power neutral at both low and high speeds. In order to further improve the efficiency of the engine, a supercharger is added to increase the intake pressure at low speed. The size of the turbocharger can be larger to make up for the power neutral at high speed, so as to achieve a full range of excellent power performance from low to high speed.

16 CVP engine
A continuously variable valve phase driving device of Volkswagen engine includes a valve set with a valve spring, a rocker arm that drives the valve for reciprocating motion, and a rotating cam that drives the rocker arm to swing. The cam is a multi working condition cam that can change the valve lift and opening and closing time. The profile of the multi working condition cam is: one end is a low-speed and small load cam profile, and the other end is a high-speed large-scale cam The load cam profile is a smooth transition medium speed load cam profile between the low-speed small load cam profile and the high-speed heavy load cam profile. The multi working condition cam is connected with a servo motor which can make the multi working condition cam move along its axial direction; Since the profile of the cam under multiple working conditions is continuous and smooth, stepless regulation can be carried out according to the needs, and the continuous variable valve phase is realized. In addition, the profile of the multi working condition cam covers all kinds of working conditions of the engine, so the utility model can well meet the requirements of the changing working conditions of the engine.
17, AVS
(variable valve lift system) AVS refers to the variable valve lift system, also known as two-stage variable timing control system. Generally speaking, equipped with such an engine, it will greatly save fuel and energy, and increase horsepower. This technology is widely used in Audi cars.
18, VAD
Under the control of PCM, the VAD port can be opened timely when the engine has high power output (opening one more port is equivalent to the larger port diameter), which can ensure the air demand of the engine to the greatest extent, and give full play to the power performance of the engine. This technology is widely used in Mazda.
19, VIS
(variable intake manifold system) under the control of PCM, it can maintain high torque from low speed under small load to high speed under high load. Working principle: change the length of the effective intake manifold, effectively control the flow inertia of the intake air flow in the intake port, so that the frequency of the flow pressure wave of the air flow and the frequency of the intake valve are timely matched under different working conditions, so as to ensure the intake volume of the engine at any working condition to the greatest extent. The essence is to use the principle of medium inertia harmonic supercharging to achieve the maximum intake of the engine. When the engine speed is lower than 4400 rpm, VIS does not work, the VIS valve is closed, and the air flow path is long; when the engine speed is greater than 4400 rpm, the VIS valve works, the VIS valve is open, and the air flow path is short. This can meet the air demand of different working conditions.
20, VTCS
(variable swirl control system) in different water temperature and rotating speed, the intake manifold is opened at different opening to meet the air demand of the engine under various working conditions. Principle: under the same working condition, different opening of VTCS valve will change the flow velocity into the engine and form vortex. Vortex is what we often call vortex, which makes the oil-gas mixture of the engine more fully. Especially when the engine starts at low temperature and at low load, the mixture atomization is not good, the combustion is not enough, and the emission is poor. In order to improve the atomization level of gasoline at low temperature and improve the emission level of engine, the emission level of Mazda 6 can reach or exceed the euro III standard. Working process: when the water temperature is lower than 62 ¡æ and the engine speed is lower than 3750 rpm, the passage area of the intake pipe will be reduced; with the further increase of water temperature, the speed will rise further, the opening of VTCS valve will be fully opened, and the area of intake pipe will reach the maximum.
21, ETC
(Electronic Throttle System) as the name implies, it is not controlled by the throttle cable to open the intake manifold, but by DC motor through the deceleration mechanism to achieve automatically. Function and working process: it has the basic function of ordinary throttle. Its function is to open the channel of intake manifold on the main pipe, and open different opening degrees under different working conditions. The throttle valve of general car is controlled by accelerator cable driven by foot pedal. However, the throttle valve controlled by pull wire has the phenomenon of air intake hysteresis under special conditions such as rapid acceleration. That is to say, in special conditions such as rapid acceleration, the opening signal of the throttle valve has been sent out through the throttle valve position sensor, but the actual air entering the cylinder has not been followed up in time, and the throttle valve is not very stable under the airflow disturbance, so the air volume is not stable Not ideal and unstable. According to the throttle position signal, the PCM can directly drive the DC motor to respond quickly and open the throttle in time. Under the self-locking function of its own deceleration mechanism, the electronic throttle will not fluctuate due to the disturbance of air flow, so as to ensure the stability of the air intake and speed of the engine. Advantages: the electric control mode has fast response speed and can guarantee the supply in the corresponding working condition in time. The most suitable air volume; the control accuracy of air volume is high and the stability is good.
22, S-VT
(variable valve timing control system) We know that the opening and closing time of the intake valve determines the amount of air intake of the engine. Generally, the air intake volume of a car is only related to the engine speed. At a certain speed, its air intake volume is certain, that is, the opening and closing time of the intake valve is certain. In order to further improve the performance of the engine, the intake control of modern car integrates the work needs of the engine, According to the speed, load and other signals, more scientific control of intake valve opening and closing time, in order to ensure that the engine in all working conditions can achieve the maximum air intake, in order to play the best performance of the engine. Function: under different working conditions, PCM can automatically adjust the opening and closing time of intake valve to ensure the maximum intake of engine. Principle and working process: it is a duty cycle signal sent by PCM. With the different working conditions of the engine, the pressure control valve of the hydraulic control oil circuit is opened with different opening degrees, and then the intake camshaft is controlled to change different rotation angles, the opening and closing time of the inlet valve are changed, and the intake volume of the engine is changed. The opening of throttle valve is controlled by PCM according to certain function logic according to various signals to achieve the perfection of intake control.
23, TSCV
(variable swirl control system) TSCV controls the swirl in the combustion chamber to ensure stable combustion when the engine is under cold or light load. The result is better energy output and minimum emissions.
24, TCI
Chery 1.9d TCI diesel engine integrates several advanced engine technologies, and has the cleanness and quietness of gasoline engine and the economy and power of diesel engine. These technologies include: TCI (exhaust gas turbocharging and intercooling) technology, which can maximize the engine power and torque without changing the engine exhaust volume; In the high pressure common rail direct injection technology, the intake camshaft directly drives the high-pressure oil pump, and the fuel injection is divided into three stages: pre injection, main injection and post injection, which realizes fuel re injection in the combustion process, reduces the temperature of combustion gas in cylinder, reduces the generation of NOx, fully oxidizes CO and PM, reduces the generation of CO and PM, and suppresses the generation of soot; EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) system can reduce the oxygen content of the mixture in the cylinder, so as to reduce the combustion temperature, improve the combustion process and inhibit the generation of NOx; TVD (torsional vibration damper) and dual mass flywheel are also adopted. The exhaust emission of this engine can meet the requirements of Euro IV standard, and the fuel consumption also reaches the international advanced level, which can be called a new generation of green power.
25, MVV
(vertical vortex lean combustion engine) BYD's MVV vertical swirl lean combustion technology engine is similar to the principle of general in cylinder direct injection engine.
26, VICS
(variable inertial intake system engine) hippocampal VICS variable inertial intake system engine. The VICS system can ensure high output and high torque in the whole engine speed range from low speed to high speed. According to the torque requirements of different engine speeds, the system controls the opening and closing of valves in the air chamber, adjusts the length of intake manifold path, and improves the optimal engine intake efficiency. Through the system, the torque output of the engine can be increased by at least 2.2% at low speed.
27, CNG
CNG natural gas engine exhaust purification converter is generally composed of two parts, namely honeycomb ceramic catalyst and metal shell The exhaust gas is discharged through the honeycomb ceramic catalyst. The active components of the catalyst are mainly rare earth metal oxides, precious metals and transition metals. Under the temperature of 200 ~ 300 ¡æ, it can fully carry out the catalytic reaction, and convert the harmful components such as CO, HC, NOx in the tail gas into non-toxic water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. a. The core of key technology project is CNG engine exhaust purification technology, which belongs to three-way purification catalyst technology, and is the main method to control CNG engine exhaust gas at present. At present, it is mainly used in taxis and some models.
28, NICSC-VTC
(variable intake control system, continuously variable valve timing intelligent control system) both NICs and c-vtc are Nissan technologies. NICs technology is that the engine air filter is equipped with two intake pipes. The sensor can automatically open and close the valve in the main intake pipe according to the engine speed, so as to improve the intake efficiency, reduce the intake noise at medium and low speed and increase the power output at high speed. This technology is similar to the "variable intake manifold" commonly used in Audi A6 engines. The full name of c-vtc is continuously variable valve timing. It is an upgraded version of VTC. This technology is similar to Honda's i-vtec. C-vtc controls the best timing of valve opening and closing through the clutch device installed in front of engine camshaft to improve combustion efficiency. C-vtc is an advanced engine technology.

29, Ecotec DVVT
(dual variable valve timing engine) VVT refers to variable valve timing. We know that the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust door of the general engine depends on the mechanical timing transmission mechanism, which opens and closes at the corresponding position of the crankshaft angle, which has nothing to do with the engine speed and load. That is to say, no matter the speed is high or low, the opening and closing time of the door is corresponding to the rotational position of the crankshaft. Now the pursuit of perfect engine technology requires that it can play the best performance in any load state and speed. Therefore, someone has developed a mechanism that can change the valve timing, which can be realized by hydraulic or electronic control. DVVT and CVVT are both technologies. DVVT refers to dual variable valve timing. Its valve opening phase has two moments, which can be opened in position 1 or position 2, and can be adjusted according to speed and load. CVVT is a continuously variable valve timing. It can continuously adjust between the two limit phases in the allowable valve timing. It should be said that it can achieve better control, but it requires high control accuracy. The VVT-i promoted by Toyota belongs to CVVT. At present, ECOTEC DVVT is widely used in Buick series.
30, EVIC-III
(intelligent dual valve variable intake control technology engine) epic-iii intelligent dual valve variable intake control technology is used to improve fuel utilization (1) variable valve timing technology: that is to say, it can adjust the valve timing timely, optimize the fixed valve superposition angle, the power and torque output of the engine will be more linear, and take into account the power output of high and low speed, so that the engine can achieve the highest efficiency at high and low speed, reduce emissions and save fuel. (2) as an inertia variable intake system, the length of the intake manifold is changed, and the long intake pipe is used at low speed to ensure air density and maintain power output efficiency at low speed; short intake manifold is used for high speed to accelerate the speed of air entering the cylinder, enhance the flow inertia of intake air flow and ensure the intake volume at high speed, so as to take into account the performance of each speed engine. After the installation of vis, the flow inertia and intake efficiency of the engine intake air flow are enhanced, so the torque is increased and the fuel consumption is reduced. This technology is widely used in Roewe series.
31, Campro
(variable camshaft and variable intake manifold engine) lotus campro is an engine developed jointly by proton and Lotus Engineering to pursue high performance, low fuel consumption and low emission, Because of this engine, proton has officially entered the field of independent research and development, and has world-class technology to produce the next generation engine. The main purpose is to let the engine have better "breathing", so as to improve the sole torque loss problem of campro, and improve the fuel consumption performance of urban driving. At the same time, the ignition system is upgraded to an independent ignition system for more accurate ignition control Improve low speed power to meet Euro IV standard, upgrade ECU in an all-round way, and apply variable camshaft and variable intake manifold technology to the engine.
32, MDS
(variable displacement engine) the hemi engine developed by Chrysler is equipped with an MDS system, which automatically switches between 4-cylinder and 8-cylinder modes. This technology is most suitable for multi cylinder engines, and it can effectively reduce fuel consumption in traffic jams without affecting drivers' pursuit of acceleration stimulation of large displacement vehicles. For example, a conventional 8-cylinder engine is equipped with two independent 4-cylinder engines after adopting this technology, so that one engine can run and the other can rest according to driving needs.
33. Multi section variable intake manifold Technology
The length of intake pipe is controlled by computer to provide high torque at low speed and high power at high speed.
34,F.I.R.E
(integrated engine) is produced in Italy, Brazil, Turkey and other countries, with an annual output of millions. It is an economical engine with mature technology and stable performance, which is widely used in various economic cars of Fiat. Taking 188a4000 engine loaded on Fiat Pario car as an example, the engine displacement is 1242ml and the compression ratio is 9.5 ¡À 0.21. The engine control system ECU is Magneti Marelli? Iaw 59F multi-point EFI system of Italian Marelli company. With the technology of electrostatic ignition, sequential injection, no return fuel supply system and oxygen sensor, the engine emission level easily exceeds the Euro 2 standard and improves the safety of the whole vehicle. The system has the following functions: adjusting fuel injection time, controlling ignition advance angle, controlling radiator electronic fan, controlling and managing idle speed, controlling cold start compensation, self diagnosis and self-learning, and has limp home function.
35, VDE
(variable displacement engine) is ready to be installed in future Ford cars and trucks to further improve the fuel economy of the car. This engine technology is most suitable for multi cylinder engines. For example, for a 12 cylinder engine, after adopting this technology, it is equivalent to installing two independent 6-cylinder engines. One engine can be run according to the needs of driving, while the other is at idle speed. In this way, the exhaust volume of the engine can be adjusted at any time, thus reducing the fuel consumption.
36, MIVEC
(intelligent variable valve timing and lift control system) The MIVEC mechanism controls the intake camshaft phase by sending precise commands from ECU: the ECU of the engine automatically searches for an optimal valve timing corresponding to engine speed, intake volume, throttle position and cooling water temperature under various driving conditions, and controls the hydraulic control valve of camshaft timing, and senses the actual valve timing through the signals of various sensors, and then performs feedback Control and compensate the system error to achieve the optimal valve timing position, which can effectively improve the power and performance of the vehicle, reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. This technology is widely used in Mitsubishi.
37, Double-VANOSValvetronic
(dual camshaft variable valve timing engine) in 1992, BMW launched the valve stepless regulation management double VANOS dual camshaft variable valve timing system, which is the world's first technology applied to BMW M3. The advantage of this control system is that the valve timing of intake valve and exhaust valve can be adjusted steplessly by precise angle control of camshaft according to the running state of engine, and is not affected by accelerator pedal position and engine speed. In actual driving, this means that sufficient torque can be provided at low engine speeds and optimum power can be achieved in the high speed range. In addition, the double VANOS dual camshaft variable valve timing system greatly reduces the unburned residual gas, thus improving the idle performance of the engine. This technology is used almost all over the BMW line.
38,MFI
MFI (multi-point fuel injection engine) is a mature engine technology. The 2.0mfi engine is based on the German AZM engine, combined with China's road, climate, fuel quality and other factors, after careful matching.
39, C-VTC
The technology of c-vtc intelligent control system for continuously variable valve timing is basically the same as VVT.
40, VVEL,CVTCS
The variable intake timing (VT) and the variable intake timing (VT) of the CVS also combine with the variable intake and variable intake systems of the CVs for the best variable lift. The valve lift continuously variable (VVEL) technology is used to optimize the efficiency of the device, so as to achieve the balance of power, response, fuel efficiency and emissions. By constantly changing the valve lift, and then changing the amount of air in the combustion chamber, the combustion stage becomes more powerful and improves the torque and power. The best thing is that the valve controls the intake stroke rather than the traditional butterfly valve, so it responds directly and quickly to the throttle input. VVEL technology improves fuel economy and reduces emissions compared to standard valve lift systems. The precise conversion of ECU contributes to the gradual "expansion" of engine power and torque, thus providing "formation wave" of acceleration rather than peak power.
41, VCM
(variable cylinder management system) Honda VCM variable cylinder management system technology. The VCM system used on the V6 i-vtec engine is the first time that it has been applied to a non hybrid accord model. The new generation of VCM system can switch between three cylinder, four cylinder and all six cylinder working mode, but previously it can only switch between three cylinder and four cylinder working mode. VCM system can ensure that all six cylinders can be put into operation when starting, accelerating or climbing. However, under the condition of medium speed cruise and low engine load, only one cylinder bank, namely three cylinders, is running, and the rear cylinder bank stops working. In moderate acceleration, high-speed cruise and gentle slope driving, the engine will operate with four cylinders, that is, the left and middle cylinders of the front cylinder bank work normally, and the right and middle cylinder of the rear cylinder bank work normally. The new 3.5-liter V6 engine adopts Honda's most advanced VCM variable cylinder management technology. VCM system can automatically switch between 3-cylinder, 4-cylinder and 6-cylinder working modes. When the vehicle starts, accelerates or climbs, all six cylinders can be put into operation. Under the conditions of medium speed cruise and low engine load, the system only operates one cylinder bank, that is, three cylinders; In moderate acceleration, high-speed cruise and gentle slope driving, the engine will run with four cylinders, which greatly reduces fuel consumption. This 3.5L V6 is not only the most powerful Honda engine so far, but also reduces fuel consumption by 7% compared with the previous accord 3.0 model.
42, reverse engine
Fox's duratec he reverse aluminum alloy engine is made of all aluminum alloy, with reverse design. The maximum power can reach 104kw and the maximum torque can reach 180n ¡¤ m (2.0L engine) System) variable inertia intake device, long intake manifold of plastic steel, showing the advantages of rapid acceleration, smooth operation, high efficiency intake effect and low noise and low fuel consumption.
43, horizontally opposed engine
The engine pistons are evenly distributed on both sides of the crankshaft and move horizontally. As a result, the overall height and length of the engine are reduced, and the center of gravity of the whole vehicle is reduced. The engine is installed on the center line of the vehicle, and the torque generated by the pistons on both sides counteract each other, which greatly reduces the vibration of the vehicle in driving, so that the engine speed is greatly improved and the noise is reduced.
44,i-DSI
I-dsi is double spark plug ignition, which can improve combustion efficiency. By increasing the air-fuel ratio of the mixture in the engine, the mixture can be burned when the air-fuel ratio is greater than the theoretical air-fuel ratio. The rarer out of cylinder lean combustion technology is not as advanced as in cylinder direct injection engine, but its cost is lower than that of direct injection engine.
45, GDI
(gasoline direct injection engine) Mitsubishi's GDI engine reduces fuel consumption by 20% - 35% and carbon dioxide emission by 20% through lean combustion technology, while its output power is 10% higher than that of ordinary engines with the same displacement. In cylinder direct injection technology is a branch of lean combustion technology. The biggest difference with the ordinary engine is its direct injection system. In fact, in cylinder direct injection is not a new technology. Many years ago, many diesel engines adopted this technology design, and it is only a few years ago to apply it to gasoline engines. There are two advantages of in cylinder direct injection technology: 1. The engine can directly inject gasoline into the high-pressure combustion chamber before the spark plug ignites. At the same time, under the precise control of ECU, the mixture can be burned in layers. This technology can make the mixture near the spark plug relatively rich and the mixture far away from the spark plug relatively thin, so as to achieve "lean" ignition and stratified combustion more effectively. 2. Because the gasoline is injected into the cylinder directly, the mixture gas does not need to pass through the throttle valve compared with the transmission outside cylinder injection, so it can reduce the air resistance of the throttle valve to the mixed gas.
46, MPi
The fuel is injected into the intake manifold. In order to let the gasoline be injected into the intake pipe and have enough time to mix with the air, the fuel injector needs to be separated from the valve for a certain distance. After the gasoline and air are fully mixed in this space, they are introduced into the cylinder for combustion. For this kind of traditional design, if the gasoline is injected into the cylinder directly, there will be no enough time for air and gasoline to mix. This kind of gas without mixing can not meet the ignition requirements of the engine. This is the first problem to be solved in the direct injection engine.
47, IDE
IDE (direct injection engine) still uses a lean mixture of air and fuel, but at the same time increases the EGR valve exhaust gas circulation. EGR is the abbreviation of exhaust gas recirculation, which means exhaust gas recirculation in Chinese. This technology can reduce fuel consumption and effectively reduce combustion temperature, which is the root cause of GDI engine emission problems. As we all know, air is mainly composed of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and some other inert gases. The largest proportion of nitrogen is a very stable gas, which is difficult to be directly oxidized by oxygen. However, under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, nitrogen, which is very stable at ordinary times, is easy to react with oxygen, thus generating very harmful nitrogen oxides. Ordinary engines, including the GDI Engine mentioned above, work under high temperature and high pressure in the cylinder during normal operation. In this way, the mixture of air and fuel is easy to generate nitrogen oxides after combustion. This problem is particularly prominent for the engine with direct injection in cylinder. Because the compression ratio of direct injection engine is usually designed to be higher, the pressure in cylinder is larger than that of ordinary engine, so it is easier to produce NOx. We all know that the NOx emission of diesel engine is usually much higher than that of gasoline engine, which is mainly due to the high compression ratio of diesel engine. In the case that the pressure cannot be reduced (because high compression ratio is necessary to improve engine efficiency), the only way to reduce NOx emissions is to reduce the combustion temperature in the cylinder. The EGR EGR system of IDE engine reduces the temperature of combustion chamber by introducing part of exhaust gas discharged from cylinder into intake pipe again to mix with fresh air and fuel for combustion. We know that the exhaust gas after combustion can't be burned again. After the exhaust gas is introduced into the cylinder, it will occupy a part of the effective volume in the cylinder. This effect is equivalent to reducing the engine displacement. In this way, the combustion temperature can be effectively reduced, and the exhaust gas will be naturally reduced.
48, i-VCT
I-vct, also known as variable intake cam timing system, can use the engine to output more than 90% torque in the speed range of 2000 rpm to 5000 rpm to ensure the continuity of engine performance. VVT-i, variable valve timing system, focuses on the characteristics of low speed, but in fact, the torque of Toyota VVT-i is not rich when it is lower than 2000 rpm, and it is even more insufficient when driving at low speed and high gear. This is because the operation of VVT-i can not cover the range of low speed, it can only rely on the coordination of gears. And Toyota's gears pay too much attention to the smooth driving, which leads to the integration of the car's driving without any passion. But the impact of the starting acceleration phase is good, which is also specially adjusted to meet the characteristics of urban driving. Duratec-he2.3 in line four cylinder 16 valve double overhead camshaft aluminum alloy engine equipped with the new third generation Ford Mondeo adopts advanced technology such as i-vct variable intake cam timing, and its emission meets Euro IV standard. Compared with the same level products, it can save more fuel at low speed and more abundant power output at high speed.
49, SIDI
(Intelligent Direct Injection Engine) Cadillac Sidi engine integrates intelligent direct injection in cylinder, d-vvt electronic variable double valve timing and the latest ECM engine management module. The structure of Sidi dual-mode direct injection engine has been greatly adjusted. Compared with the original way of injection into the intake manifold, Sidi engine replaces the multi-point injection fuel supply system with variable valve in cylinder direct injection system. The fuel injection nozzle is inserted into the cylinder, the fuel is atomized into the cylinder by high pressure, and mixed air is ignited, so as to realize the lean combustion in the cylinder, thus improving the engine performance Motivation efficiency. At the same time, it has excellent fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions. In addition, direct injection technology allows a higher compression ratio (Sidi compression ratio is as high as 11.1:1), which can greatly reduce in cylinder knock and engine vibration. The above advantages can make the life of the engine much longer than that of the ordinary EFI engine. Compared with the multi-point injection engine with the same displacement, Sidi dual-mode direct injection engine can increase the maximum power by about 15%, the maximum torque can be increased by about 8%, and the fuel saving efficiency can be more than 3%.
50, ETCS-i+ACIS
(intelligent timing variable valve control and intelligent electronic throttle control system) Lexus SC430 is equipped with a 4.3-liter 32 valve V8 engine, equipped with intelligent variable timing valve control system (VVT-i) and intelligent electronic throttle control system (etcs-i), with continuous power. Its most admired is the special design of the body convertible.
51, twin turbocharger engine
Mercedes Benz's twin turbocharging is one of the ways of turbocharging. Aiming at the turbine hysteresis phenomenon of exhaust gas turbocharging, a large turbine and a small turbine in series or two identical turbines in parallel can drive the turbine to rotate at high speed at low engine speed to generate enough inlet pressure and reduce turbine hysteresis effect. The common turbocharging is single turbocharging, including mechanical turbocharging, exhaust turbocharging and compound turbocharging. The advantage of mechanical supercharging is that the engine directly drives the turbine. It has the advantages of no turbine hysteresis, and the disadvantage is the loss of some power and low supercharging value. Exhaust gas turbocharging relies on the residual kinetic energy of the engine exhaust to drive the turbine to rotate. The advantage is that the turbine speed is high and the supercharging value is large, which can obviously improve the power. The disadvantage is that the engine has low exhaust kinetic energy when the engine speed is low (generally below 1500-1800 RPM), so it can not drive the turbine to rotate at high speed to increase the intake pressure Equivalent to natural suction, when the speed increases, turbocharging works, and the power will suddenly increase. Series connection and parallel connection of two turbochargers in a double turbocharged vehicle, two groups of turbines are connected in series or in parallel. Parallel connection means that each turbine is responsible for half of the engine cylinder. Each turbine is of the same specification. For example, the Porsche 911 Turbo, Skyline GT-R rb26dett, supra's 2jz-gte and BMW's new 3.0 double turbocharging are outstanding representatives of parallel turbocharging. Their advantages are fast response to supercharging and reduction of pipeline complexity. The series turbine is usually a large and a small two groups of turbines in series. At low speed, it pushes the small turbine with fast reaction, which makes the low torque rich, and the large turbine intervenes at high speed to provide sufficient air intake and improve power output. The 13b-rew engine of RX-7 is a good example of the series turbine. The common turbocharging is single turbocharging, including mechanical turbocharging, exhaust turbocharging and compound turbocharging.
52, VIM
(variable intake and exhaust manifold Technology Engine) Lamborghini Lamborghini VIM variable intake and exhaust manifold technology engine after the mid-1990s, the variable intake manifold technology has become more and more popular in the automobile. This technology can improve the torque output of the engine at low and medium speed, and has no bad effect on fuel economy and high speed power, so it can improve the adaptability of the engine. Usually, the fixed intake manifold can only be optimized according to the specific requirements of the engine, or according to the requirements of high speed and low speed, or adopt the compromise method, but no matter which design, it can not take into account the requirements of different speeds. Variable intake manifold technology can be divided into two or more stages to adapt to different engine speeds. The variable intake manifold technology is similar to the variable valve timing technology, but the variable intake manifold technology pays more attention to improving the torque output at low speed (the effect of improving the power output at high speed is not very obvious), so this technology is widely used in ordinary civil cars. However, this is not absolute. Because it can provide better engine responsiveness, this technology has gradually been adopted in sports vehicles, such as the 360 and 575 of the Ferrari. Compared with variable valve timing technology, variable intake manifold technology costs less - it only needs some simple design of solenoid valve and intake pipe shape; while variable valve technology requires complex and accurate hydraulic system to drive, and if the valve stroke is changed, it also needs some special camshaft. At present, there are two kinds of variable intake manifold technologies: variable intake manifold length and variable intake resonance, which are realized by geometric design of intake manifold. Let's discuss these two technologies respectively. Variable intake manifold length variable intake manifold length is a technology widely used in ordinary civil vehicles. Most of the intake manifold length is designed to be adjustable in two sections: long intake manifold is used at low speed and short intake manifold is used at high speed. Why is it necessary to design a short intake manifold at high speed? It should be easy to understand because it makes the intake air smoother; but why is it necessary to grow the intake manifold at low speed? Does it not increase the intake resistance? Because the intake frequency of the engine at low engine speed is also low, the long intake manifold can gather more air, so it is very suitable for matching with the intake demand of the engine at low speed, so as to improve the torque output. In addition, the long intake manifold can reduce the air flow rate, make the air and fuel mix better, burn more fully, and also can produce greater torque output. In order to better adapt to the intake requirements of different speeds, some systems adopt the design of three-stage variable intake manifold length, such as the V8 engine. Each cylinder has three adjustable intake manifolds with a total of 24 intake manifolds. In fact, Audi didn't separate the intake manifold. It arranged a swirling intake manifold around the central rotor. The rotor can be rotated to different positions to obtain different intake manifold lengths. The whole system is arranged inside the V-shaped angle of the V-type engine. Lamborghini also has more advanced Reventon engines with three-stage variable geometry intake manifold and variable formal intake and exhaust camshaft technology.
53. Oil electric hybrid system
Generally speaking, the hybrid power generally refers to the hybrid of fuel (gasoline, diesel, etc.) and electric energy. Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has electric motor as auxiliary power of engine. Hybrid electric vehicle has high fuel economy performance and excellent driving performance. The engine of hybrid electric vehicle should use fuel, and when starting and accelerating, it can reduce fuel consumption because of the assistance of electric motor. In short, compared with the same size of vehicle, the fuel cost is lower. Moreover, the electric motor of the auxiliary engine can generate powerful power at the moment of starting, so the owner can enjoy a more powerful start and acceleration. At the same time, it can also achieve a high level of fuel economy. There are three kinds of hybrid electric vehicles at present: one is the "parallel mode" in which the engine is the main power and the electric motor is the auxiliary power. (parallel hybrid) this way is mainly driven by the engine. It takes advantage of the strong power generated by the electric motor when it is restarted. When the fuel consumption of the engine is large, such as starting and accelerating, the electric motor is used to assist the driving to reduce the fuel consumption of the engine. The structure of this method is relatively simple, only need to add electric motor and battery on the car. The other is the "series and parallel mode" in which only the electric motor drives at low speed and the engine and electric motor drive together when the speed is increased. (fuel cell) is only driven by electric motor when starting and at low speed. When the speed is increased, the engine and electric motor share the power efficiently. This way requires power sharing device and generator, so the structure is complex. There is also a "series mode" of electric vehicles driven only by electric motors. The (Series Hybrid) engine is only used as the power source. The car only drives by electric motor, and the driving system is just an electric motor. However, because it also needs to install fuel engine, it is also a kind of hybrid electric vehicle.
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